shut down
Definition
Verb (transitive):
- To cause a machine, system, or facility to stop operating. This often involves a deliberate, complete cessation of function.
- To permanently or temporarily cease the operations of a business, factory, or service.
Verb (intransitive):
- For a machine, system, or operation to stop functioning or operating. This can be a commanded action or a failure.
Usage
- As a transitive verb, "shut down" requires a direct object (e.g., ).
- As an intransitive verb, it does not take a direct object (e.g., ).
- It implies a full and complete stop, not a partial reduction.
Examples
- Transitive Verb:
- The technician will shut down the server for maintenance.
- The government ordered the company to shut down the unsafe plant.
- Intransitive Verb:
- The engine suddenly shut down due to overheating.
- My computer shuts down automatically every night.
Advanced Usage
"to shut down [an idea/argument]": To reject, dismiss, or end a discussion or proposal decisively.
- The committee chair shut down the debate and called for a vote.
- She shut down his suggestion immediately.
"to shut down emotionally": To become emotionally withdrawn or unresponsive.
- After the argument, he completely shut down and wouldn't talk to anyone.
Variants and Related Words
- Shutdown (noun): The act or process of ceasing operation.
- The plant closure led to a complete shutdown of production.
- Closed (adjective): Not operating or open to the public.
- The factory is now closed.
Synonyms
- Close: To cause to cease operation (e.g., ).
- Power down: To turn off the power to a machine (especially electronics).
- Cease operations: A more formal term for stopping business activities.
Related Phrasal Verbs
- Close down: Very similar in meaning to "shut down," often used interchangeably for businesses.
- The owners decided to close down the factory.
- Close up: Often used for smaller businesses or shops at the end of a business day.
- We close up the shop at 8 P.M.
Related Idioms
- "to shut up shop": To close a business, either temporarily (for the day) or permanently.
- After 50 years, the family finally shut up shop.
Verb
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cease to operate or cause to cease operating
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The owners decided to move and to close the factory
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My business closes every night at 8 P.M.
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close up the shop
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